Originally described as Muraena alba by the Russian ichthyologist Basilius Zuiew (1793) [Vasilij Fyodorovich Zuev'], the name Monopterus albus has long been used for a species of swamp eel (Synbranchidae) with a reportedly widespread occurrence in Asia (Rosen Greenwood 1976, Kottelat 2013). In recent years molecular studies have shown that Monopterus albus of authors is a species complex and several authors have recommended that up to three (Collins et al. 2002, Matsumoto et al. 2010, Kottelat 2013, Nico et al. 2019) or even five (Arisuryanti 2016) different species can be recognized. Kottelat (2013) referred to the eastern Asian clade of Matsumoto et al. (2010) as Monopterus albus and the Southeast Asian clade as Monopterus javanensis La Cepède, 1800, noting that no name is available for the clade on the Ryukyu Islands.Three new species of Moniligaster Perrier, 1872, namely M. bahli Narayanan Julka, sp. nov., M. blakemorei Narayanan Julka, sp. nov. and M. keralensis Narayanan Julka, sp. nov. are described from materials collected from the Indian state of Kerala. Moniligaster cernosvitovi Gates, 1962, Moniligaster horsti Gates, 1940, Moniligaster michaelseni Gates, 1940 and Moniligaster stephensoni Gates, 1940 are recorded for the first time from the state. With the new findings, a total of 10 Moniligaster species are known from Kerala. Moniligaster species are restricted to southern peninsular India, except Moniligaster ivaniosi Manazhy, 2011, decribed from the Andaman Islands, outside the currently known distributional range of the genus. Hence we critically reviewed the original description and reinvestigated the holotype. As a result, Moniligaster ivaniosi is considered a junior synonym of Drawida nepalensis Michaelsen, 1907.A new species Cephalaeschna patrai sp. nov. is described from Neora Valley National Park, Darjeeling Himalays as the eighth species of the genus from India. This new species is characterized by bright green markings on overall black body color, black is replaced with brown in female. Anterolateral thoracic stripe separated in two patches connected with a narrow line. The cerci are uniformly broad towards end, without any constriction in the lateral view; tip of the same prominently curved upwards to form blunt tubercle which appears to be projected inwards in the dorsal view. An updated key for all the Indian species is provided here. A short note about the affinities among congenerics distributed across Himalayas (particularly C. acanthifrons Joshi Kunte, 2017 and C. viridifrons (Fraser, 1922)) is also included.A new armoured scale insect (Hemiptera Coccomorpha Diaspididae) species, Nikkoaspis brevispina sp. n., is described and illustrated; it was found on Sinarundiaria sp. (Poaceae; Bambusoideae) in Guizhou Province, China. The type specimens of N. brevispina are deposited at the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China. An identification key based on adult females is provided to separate all eight species in the genus.A new genus of the marine Stilbonematinae (Nematoda, Desmodoridae) is described from the Pacific coast of the United States of America. The worms inhabit the sulfidic sediment among the roots of the surfgrass Phyllospadix sp. in the rocky intertidal. The ectosymbiotic coat is of a new type for Stilbonematinae. It consists of rod-shaped bacteria pointed at both poles densely attached with one pole to the host cuticle. This is the first report of this symbiotic nematode subfamily from the US West Coast.The Kermadec Trench is the world's fifth deepest trench and extends from approximately 26 to 36°S near the northeastern tip of New Zealand's North Island. Here, we describe a new species of Aegialoalaimus, a nematode genus with unusual buccal cavity and pharynx morphology, from a site at 9540 metres water depth in Kermadec Trench, and provide the first SSU and D2-D3 of LSU sequences for Aegialoalaimus, Manganonema, Metasphaerolaimus constrictus and Daptonema amphorum. Aegialoalaimus tereticauda n. sp. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Puromycin-2HCl.html is characterised by body length 755-864 ?m, cephalic sensilla papilliform ( 1 ?m long), excretory pore located slightly anterior to posterior bulb in males and slightly anterior to nerve ring in females, arcuate spicules 18-22 ?m long, gubernaculum present, precloacal supplements absent, and cylindrical tail 58-64 ?m long with rounded tip. Relationships between Aegialoalaimus and Chromadorean orders could not be elucidated based on our SSU analysis; no link could be found with the Plectida, where the Aegialoalaimidae is currently placed, or with the Isolamiida or Cylindrolaimus (Areaolaimida), which share a similar and unusual buccal and pharynx morphology. Our SSU phylogenetic analysis confirms the placement of Manganonema within the Xyalidae, although relationships with other xyalid genera remain unclear. The Sphaerolaimidae formed a clade together with the Monhysteridae, which contradicts the current classification where the Sphaerolaimidae and Xyalidae are classified together into the superfamily Sphaerolaimoidea and the Monhysteridae into the Monhysteroidea. Although limited research has been conducted on the nematode diversity in Kermadec Trench to date, the available data show that half of all invertebrate species known from the trench are nematodes, which highlights the importance of conducting further taxonomic research on this group in hadal environments.Sphaeraphodius gaohani Kakizoe, Jiang Wang, a new genus and new species of the tribe Aphodiini, is described based on two female specimens from Guangxi, China. This new genus differs considerably from any previously known genera of Aphodiini by dorsally swollen body covered by considerably long setae, and lack of transverse setiferous carinae on outer surfaces of meso- and metatibiae. This new taxon is found sympatrically with the termite Macrotermes sp. in the field. Therefore, this species is perhaps termitophilous, but we cannot conclude it at this time due to the insufficient information available in the field.In this study, Fulvius anatolicus Çerçi Gorczyca sp. n., Orthotylus (Pinocapsus) kmenti Çerçi Koçak sp. n. (Miridae) and Lasiacantha karamanensis Çerçi Koçak sp. n. (Tingidae) are described from Turkey. Dorsal habitus of each species, male and female genitalia of F. anatolicus sp. n. and male genitalia of O. (P.) kmenti sp. n. are illustrated. Differential diagnostic features between closely related species and the new species are given. Additionally, Hallodapus costae (Miridae) and Tempyra biguttula (Rhyparochromidae) are recorded from Turkey for the first time. Latter is a new alien species for the fauna of Turkey.